Promiscuous dna

Promiscuous dna- Endosymbiotic transfer of DNA from cytoplasmic organelles (mitochondia and chloroplast) to the nucleus.  It is supposed that the chloroplasts and mitochondria were once free-living cells that linked up with the embryonic plant cell to form a symbiotic partnership.

                         Image source -http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/organellar-dna-mobility-and-the-genetic-control-14665064

The eukaryotic mitochondria is derived from a proteobacterial endosymbiotic ancestor . Most of the genes that were originally present in this ancestor's genome have been transferred to the nucleus .With only a small number being retained in the organelle (MITOCHONDRIA). Similarly, most of the genes from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont ancestor of the chloroplast were also transferred to the nucleus.

 So, as a result, cytoplasmic organelles are heavily dependent on nuclear genes and import more than 90% of their proteins from the cytoplasm. The dotted arrows indicate how DNA of mitochondrial (blue) and chloroplast (green) origin is still being transferred to the nucleus.Chloroplasts genes have now been found inside plant mitochondria.

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