Agglutination Reaction

 Basically direct coombs tests is for antibodies against host RBC's, leading to agglutination. With indirect coombs,  we have to look  for antibodies against non-host RBC's (e.g. anti-Rh antibodies), so need to  put the patient's plasma in with other, non-host RBC's and look for agglutination.

People with type A blood will have the A antigen on the surface of their red cells (as shown in the video in a table format) As a result, anti-A antibodies will not be produced by them because they would cause the destruction of their own blood.  However, if B type blood is injected into their systems, anti-B antibodies in their plasma will recognize it as alien and burst or agglutinate the introduced red cells. 
1.

Agglutinogen in a viral hemagglutination test-
a.Antibodies b.Antigens c.WBC d.RBC Ans.d 2. What type of immunologic reaction occurs when specific antibodies are mixed with whole cell antigens? a.Agglutination  b.Precipitation c.Immunodiffusion d.complement fixation Ans. a Note .The main difference between agglutination and precipitation is the size of antigens.  For precipitation, antigens are soluble molecules, and for agglutination, antigens are large, easily sedimented particles. Procedure 1. Label three slides 1,2,3. 2.  Wipe your left ring finger with an alcohol wiper and let it air dry. 3. Take a sterile lancet and puncture your fingertip.   4. Place a small drop of blood on each of three microscope slides.   5. On the 1 st. slide, place a 20 ml of anti-A antiserum.  Place anti-B on the 2nd. slide and anti-a and anti-b on the 3rd. slide. Mix the antisera in with the blood using a separate toothpick for each slide.   6. After several minutes, observe agglutination and determine your blood type. So,  If your blood cells stick together when mixed with: Anti-A serum, you have type A blood Anti-B serum, you have type B blood Both anti-A and anti-B serums, you have type AB blood If your blood cells do not stick together when anti-A and anti-B are added, you have type O blood. Test yourself! 1. Agglutination in all three  indicates that all three antigens are present in the blood: A, B and Rh. Accordingly, the blood type is AB Rh+. 2. Agglutination in 1st  containg A antibodies and second containing B antibodies. Accordingly, the blood type is AB Rh-. 3. Agglutination in the test tube with Rh antibodies indicates that the blood has got Rh antigens but no A nor B antigens. The blood type is O Rh+. Together, the ABO and Rh grouping systems yield your complete blood type. There are eight possible types: O+, O-, A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, and AB-. Thank you for visiting my video tutorial/blog.Please feel free to share your comment on this article ,Please subscribe and share the articles to get more such articles.