It can be defined as artificial encapsulation of somatic embryos which is derived from plant tissue culture. The encapsulated somatic embryo functionally mimic seeds and can develop into seedling under suitable conditions.
Unlike other eukaryotes,almost all plants have
the capability to be regenerated from differentiated tissue.It is a technique which has been researched and developed since 1970s and allows the propagation of plants from artificial seeds. The use of synthetic varieties for commercial cultivation was first suggested in Maize .
In addition to using somatic embryos, axillary buds, adventitious buds and shoot tips have also been used in preparation of synthetic seeds . Among the different encapsulating agents,sodium alginate was used for encapsulation of somatic embryo due to it’s solubility at room temperature and ability to form completely permeable gell with calcium chloride.
Characteristics-
1.No seedcoat only encapsulated somatic embryos.
2.Embryos are not protected within any kind of maternal tissue.
3.Embryos do not pass through any kind of desiccation and they don't have any dormancy period.
4.They don't have their own storage tissue.
Advantage-
1.Useful for plants which can't produce viable seeds.
2.It can be stored and transferred to soil for germination.
3.They are small in size therefore they are easy to handle.
4.Artificial seed help to study the role of endosperm and seed coat formation.
5.It gives the protection to meiotically unstable genotypes.
6.It can be directly used in fields.
7.Cereals ,fruits and some medicinal plants can be studied anywhere in the world using synthetic seeds.
8.Using synthetic seed technology endangered species can be propagated.
9.It helps in production of monocultures.
CONCLUSION-
Synthetic seeds technique is a rapid tool of plant regeneration because of its wide use in conservation and delivery of tissue cultured plants. Protocols of encap-sulation were already optimized for various plant species,
but the commercial scale production of synthetic seeds was restricted to few species only due to several major problems, such as:asynchronous development of somatic embryos, improper maturation of somatic embryos, poor conversion rate of somatic embryos, lack of dormancy, and limited production of viable mature somatic embryos.
Q1.Synthetic seed is produced by encapsulating somatic embryo with
a. Sodium chloride
b.Sodium alginate
c. Sodium acetate
d. Sodium nitrate
Ans. b
Q2.Artificial seeds are -
a. seeds produced in lab . condition
b.seeds encapsulated in a gel
c.somatic embryos encapsulated in a gel
d.zygotic embryos encapsulated in a gel
Ans. c
Q3.The encapsulation is carried out by various types of hydrogels, which are
a. soluble in water
b. soluble in organic solvents
c.insoluble in water
d.insoluble in organic solvents
Ans.a
Q4 The preserved embryoids are termed as-
a. semi-synthetic seeds
b. natural seeds
c.synthetic seeds
d.fermented seeds
Ans.c
Unlike other eukaryotes,almost all plants have
the capability to be regenerated from differentiated tissue.It is a technique which has been researched and developed since 1970s and allows the propagation of plants from artificial seeds. The use of synthetic varieties for commercial cultivation was first suggested in Maize .
In addition to using somatic embryos, axillary buds, adventitious buds and shoot tips have also been used in preparation of synthetic seeds . Among the different encapsulating agents,sodium alginate was used for encapsulation of somatic embryo due to it’s solubility at room temperature and ability to form completely permeable gell with calcium chloride.
Characteristics-
1.No seedcoat only encapsulated somatic embryos.
2.Embryos are not protected within any kind of maternal tissue.
3.Embryos do not pass through any kind of desiccation and they don't have any dormancy period.
4.They don't have their own storage tissue.
Advantage-
1.Useful for plants which can't produce viable seeds.
2.It can be stored and transferred to soil for germination.
3.They are small in size therefore they are easy to handle.
4.Artificial seed help to study the role of endosperm and seed coat formation.
5.It gives the protection to meiotically unstable genotypes.
6.It can be directly used in fields.
7.Cereals ,fruits and some medicinal plants can be studied anywhere in the world using synthetic seeds.
8.Using synthetic seed technology endangered species can be propagated.
9.It helps in production of monocultures.
CONCLUSION-
Synthetic seeds technique is a rapid tool of plant regeneration because of its wide use in conservation and delivery of tissue cultured plants. Protocols of encap-sulation were already optimized for various plant species,
but the commercial scale production of synthetic seeds was restricted to few species only due to several major problems, such as:asynchronous development of somatic embryos, improper maturation of somatic embryos, poor conversion rate of somatic embryos, lack of dormancy, and limited production of viable mature somatic embryos.
Q1.Synthetic seed is produced by encapsulating somatic embryo with
a. Sodium chloride
b.Sodium alginate
c. Sodium acetate
d. Sodium nitrate
Ans. b
Q2.Artificial seeds are -
a. seeds produced in lab . condition
b.seeds encapsulated in a gel
c.somatic embryos encapsulated in a gel
d.zygotic embryos encapsulated in a gel
Ans. c
Q3.The encapsulation is carried out by various types of hydrogels, which are
a. soluble in water
b. soluble in organic solvents
c.insoluble in water
d.insoluble in organic solvents
Ans.a
Q4 The preserved embryoids are termed as-
a. semi-synthetic seeds
b. natural seeds
c.synthetic seeds
d.fermented seeds
Ans.c
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