BIOREMEDIATION-
It is the use of organisms to detoxify ecosystem . Basically it is a waste management technique Organisms are mostly prokaryotes ,fungus and plants. They have the ability to take up and metabolize the toxic products. The removal or degradation of environmental pollutants or toxic materials by living organism is by bioremediation. Chelating agents may be used in bioremediation to bind toxic heavy metals to soil particles, a process known as sequestration.It is the integration of several sciences such as ecology and genetics to sustain biological diversity at all levels .
Example- Shewanella oneidensis It metabolize uranium into insoluble form so that it cannot mix up with water .
BIOLOGICAL AUGMENTATION-
It uses organisms to add essential nutrients to the degraded ecosystem. It is also acts as strategy for cleaning up soils which are contaminated with aromatic compounds .
Example- 1.The nitrogen fixing plants can increase the avalability of Nitrogen in soil.
2.Mycorrhizal fungi can help plants to access nutrients from soil .
3.Addition of consortium or cocktail of micro-organisms to the polluted soil .
PHYTOREMEDIATION-
Natural plants or transgenic plants are able to bioaccumulate toxins .The direct use of the green plants and their microorganisms used to balance or decrease the contaminated soils, sludges, sediments, surface water or ground water is called Phytoremediation. Phyto means plant and remedian means restoring balance. This type of bioremediation explains a way of treating the environmental problems with the help of plants. The element of Phytoremediation consists of contaminated soil, water, and air which are polluted and the plants are able to contain and eliminate the metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil.
MYCOREMEDIATION-It is a form of bioremediation in which fungi are used to decontaminate the area.
Example- A plot of soil contaminated with diesel oil was inoculated with oyster mushrooms. After 4 weeks, more than 95% of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons had been reduced to non-toxic compounds.
BIOFORTIFICATION-Breeding crops for improved nutritional quality or u can say Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamins and proteins by best conventional breeding practices and modern biotechnology .
As such, bio-fortification is seen as an upcoming strategy for dealing with deficiencies of micronutrients in the developing world. In the case of iron, WHO estimated that bio-fortification could help curing the 2 billion people suffering from iron deficiency-induced anemia.
It is the use of organisms to detoxify ecosystem . Basically it is a waste management technique Organisms are mostly prokaryotes ,fungus and plants. They have the ability to take up and metabolize the toxic products. The removal or degradation of environmental pollutants or toxic materials by living organism is by bioremediation. Chelating agents may be used in bioremediation to bind toxic heavy metals to soil particles, a process known as sequestration.It is the integration of several sciences such as ecology and genetics to sustain biological diversity at all levels .
Example- Shewanella oneidensis It metabolize uranium into insoluble form so that it cannot mix up with water .
BIOLOGICAL AUGMENTATION-
It uses organisms to add essential nutrients to the degraded ecosystem. It is also acts as strategy for cleaning up soils which are contaminated with aromatic compounds .
Example- 1.The nitrogen fixing plants can increase the avalability of Nitrogen in soil.
2.Mycorrhizal fungi can help plants to access nutrients from soil .
3.Addition of consortium or cocktail of micro-organisms to the polluted soil .
PHYTOREMEDIATION-
Natural plants or transgenic plants are able to bioaccumulate toxins .The direct use of the green plants and their microorganisms used to balance or decrease the contaminated soils, sludges, sediments, surface water or ground water is called Phytoremediation. Phyto means plant and remedian means restoring balance. This type of bioremediation explains a way of treating the environmental problems with the help of plants. The element of Phytoremediation consists of contaminated soil, water, and air which are polluted and the plants are able to contain and eliminate the metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil.
MYCOREMEDIATION-It is a form of bioremediation in which fungi are used to decontaminate the area.
Example- A plot of soil contaminated with diesel oil was inoculated with oyster mushrooms. After 4 weeks, more than 95% of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons had been reduced to non-toxic compounds.
BIOFORTIFICATION-Breeding crops for improved nutritional quality or u can say Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamins and proteins by best conventional breeding practices and modern biotechnology .
As such, bio-fortification is seen as an upcoming strategy for dealing with deficiencies of micronutrients in the developing world. In the case of iron, WHO estimated that bio-fortification could help curing the 2 billion people suffering from iron deficiency-induced anemia.
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